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  • Books
    • Colour Control
    • Dynamic Symmetry in Composition
    • Dynamic Symmetry - The Greek Vase
    • Perspective Made Easy
    • Pictorial Composition and the Critical Judgment of Pictures
    • The Art of Composition: A Simple Application of Dynamic Symmetry
    • The Art of Composition: A Simple Application of Dynamic Symmetry (1956)
    • The Classic Point of View
    • The Elements of Dynamic Symmetry
    • Treatise in Landscape Painting
  • Articles & Videos
    • 3 Bad Habits All Photographers Should Break (Video)
    • 3 Reasons Why Most Photography Workshops Aren't Worth the Money
    • 5 Approaches to Composition in Photography (And Why They Won't Teach You Anything About Design)
    • 5 Myths About Composition (Video)
    • 14 Line Armature (Video)
    • An Email Addressing the Practical Use of Dynamic Symmetry in Art
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    • Armature of the Rectangle (Video)
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    • Classical Drawing Atelier - Introduction
    • Classical Painting Atelier - Introduction
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    • Drawing Is the Heart by Juliette Aristides
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    • Dynamic Symmetry for Photographers
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    • Dynamic Symmetry in Fine Art Sculpture
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    • How Skilled Copyists Leave the Louvre with a Masterpiece Every Year
    • How the Arts Develop the Young Brain
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    • If Everything Is Art, Then Nothing Is Art
    • Isn't There Something Incomprehensible, Magical, or Mystical About Art?
    • Is Photography Art?
    • Juliette Aristides on Composition: From the Book "Classical Drawing Atelier
    • Juliette Aristides: On Myron Barnstone
    • Juliette Aristides On TRAC With the Atelier Movement
    • Keep Your Composure
    • Kenyon Cox on Modern Art and Composition
    • Lessons in Classical Drawing - Introduction
    • Lessons in Classical Painting - Introduction
    • Magnum Photographers from Different Generations ​Talk About the Fabled Agency’s Past, Present, and Future
    • Mastering Classical Realism​ With Juliette Aristides
    • Myron Barnstone: A Life's Work
    • Myron Barnstone: An art career in perspective
    • Nick Alm: Derived From Empathy
    • One Question with Juliette Aristides
    • Pictorial Composition: An Introduction
    • Practice Doesn't Always Guarantee Success
    • Priceless Advice: A Personal Email From Myron Barnstone
    • The Art of Seeing and Visual Literacy
    • The Art of Selection
    • The Atelier Approach to Art Education
    • The Armature of the Rectangle
    • ​The Consequences of Taking a Stand
    • The Da Vinci Initiative
    • The Difference Between a Fine Art Print and a Work of Art
    • The Failure of Art Education in America
    • The Gap Between Photography and Art
    • The Number One Reason Why a Work of Art Will Fail
    • The Painter's Secret Geometry - Introduction
    • The Pendulum Has Swung With a Vengeance
    • The Place of Photography in Fine Art
    • The Road to Visual Literacy
    • What Are the Benefits of Atelier Trainin​g?
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Henry Rankin Poore and Dynamic Symmetry
Photograph above taken at the Empire State Plaza in Albany, NY with a Leica M240

The Place of Photography in Fine Art
by Henry Rankin Poore

Since the time that photography laid its claim to be reckoned among the fine arts the attention of artists has been attracted first by the claim and thereafter, with acknowledgments, to the performance. The art cry of the newly baptized had the vehement ring of faith and determination. Like the prophecy of the embryo premier it sounded: “My lords, you will hear me yet.”

The sustained interest of the “Photographic Salon” and the utterance of its exhibitors in the language of art, has long since obtained concession to the claim for associate membership. To make this relationship complete became the effort of many writers of the photographic circle. “The whole point then,” writes Prof. P. H. Emerson, B. A., M. D., of England, “is that what the painter strives to do is to render, by any means in his power, as true an impression of any picture which he wishes to express as possible. A photographic artist strives for the same end and in two points only does he fall short of the painter—in color and in the ability to render so accurately the relative values, although this is to a great extent compensated by the tone of the picture. How then is photography superior to etching, wood-cutting, charcoal drawing? The drawing of the lens is not to be equalled by any man. There is ample room for selection, judgment and posing, and, in a word, in capable hands a finished photograph is a work of art. Thus we see that the art has at last found a scientific basis and can be rationally discussed, and I think I am right in saying that I was the first to base the claims of photography as a fine art on these grounds and I venture to predict that the day will come when photographs will be admitted to hang on the walls of the Royal Academy.”

Since the appearance of the above which comes as close to the real reason in question as its logic might intimate, but which is worth quoting from the prophecy which it contained, there have been many expressions of opinions by photographers. None, however, are more to the point than the following from the pen of Mr. F. H. Wilson: “When, fifty years ago, the new baby, photography, was born, Science and Art stood together over her cradle questioning what they might expect of her, wondering what place she would take among their other children. Science soon found that she had come with her hands full of gifts and her bounty to astronomy, microscopy and chemistry made her name blessed among these, her elder sisters. Art, always more conservative, hung back. But slowly jealous Art who first frowned and called the rest of her brood around her, away from the parvenue, has let her come near, has taken her hand, and is looking her over with questioning eyes. Soon, without doubt, she will have her on her lap with the rest.”

“Why has she been kept out so long? Almost from the beginning she claimed a place in the house beautiful of art. In spite of rebuffs she knocked at its doors, though the portrait painter and the critic flung stones at her from the house-top, and the law itself stood at the threshold denying her entrance. Those early efforts were not untinctured with a fear that if she should get in she would run the establishment, but the law long since owned her right, and instead of the crashing boulders of artistic dislike and critical indignation the volleys they drop at her feet now are mere mossy pebbles flung by similarly mossy critics or artist-bigots. Still, the world at large hears them rattle and does not give her the place and estimation she has won.”

“Art began with the first touch of man to shape things toward his ideal, be that ideal an agreeable composition, or the loftiest conception of genius. The higher it is the more it is art. Art is head-and-hand work and a creation deserves the name of art according to the quality and quantity of this expended on it. Simply sit down squarely before a thing and imitate it as an ox would if an ox could draw, with no thought or intention save imitation and the result will cry from every line, ‘I am not art but machine work,’ though its technique be perfection. Toil over arrangement and meditate over view-point and light, and though the result be the rudest, it will bear the impress of thought and of art. I tell you art begins when man with thought, forming a standard of beauty, commences to shape the raw material toward it. In pure landscape, where modification is limited, it begins when the artist takes one standpoint in preference to another. In figure composition, where modification is infinite, it begins with the first touch to bring the model into pose. When he bends a twig or turns a fold of drapery the spirit of art has come and is stirring within him. What matters the process! Surely it is time that this artistic bigotry was ended.” The kernel lies in the sentence “when he bends a twig,” etc., “the spirit of art has come.” In other words when he exhibits choice and preference, when, in short, he composes.

Recognizing that composition was the only portal through which the new candidate for art recognition could gain an entrance into the circle of Art, the single effort of the past photographer, viz.; the striving for detail and sharpness of line, has been relegated to its reasonable place. A comprehension of composition was found to demand the knowledge of a score of things which then by necessity were rapidly discovered, applied and installed. Composition means sacrifice, gradation, concentration, accent, obliteration, replacement, construction of things the plate does not have, destruction of what it should not have. Supplied with such a magician's wand no effect was denied: all things seemed possible.

Gratified by recognition in a new realm the new associations should be strengthened. Whereas photography had been spanned by the simple compass of Mr. and Mrs. A. and their daughter, in figures; or topographical accuracies in landscape, revellers in the new art talked of Rembrandt and Titian, Corot and Diaz. To do something which should put their art in touch with these, their new-found brethren, was the thing! A noble ambition, but only a mistaking of the effect for the cause. These men composed. The blurred outline, the vacant shadow, the suppressed corners, the clipped edges. This all means composition in the subduing of insistent outline, in the exchange of breadth for detail, in the centralization of light, in the suppression of the unnecessary.

But no, the employment of these devices of the painter from the photographer's point of view of composition is not sufficient. Photography is now busy complimenting every school of painting under the sun. Yesterday it was Rembrandt's school. Now that is passed, and Carrière is better and to-morrow, perchance, it will be Raphael or Whistler or some Japanese, why not? The one and only good sign which marks imitation is that it shows appreciation, and this of the standards is a good thing. Let each have its turn. Their synthesis may be you.

But to a man of the professions or business whose time for study in these vast fields of the classics is so disproportionate to their extent and who, though supplied with search warrants and summons, still fails to make a capture, how ineffectual and wearying this chase after ideals—subjective. Why not shorten your course? Why not produce Rembrandts and Corots because you apprehend the principles on which they work and anticipate a surprise in discovering, as by chance, that you have produced something which recalls them. In this way and by these means there will be meaning in your claim of brotherhood.

One may scarcely call an estimate in art matters complete without an opinion from Mr. Ruskin. “In art we look for a record of man's thought and power, but photography gives that only in quite a secondary degree. Every touch of a great painting is instinct with feeling, but howsoever carefully the objects of a picture be chosen and grouped by the photographer, there Pictorial Composition and the Critical Judgment of Pictures his interference ends. It is not a mere matter of color or no color, but of Invention and Design, of Feeling and Imagination. Photography is a matter of ingenuity: Art of genius.”

On these lines however the philosopher of Coniston hardly proves his case. Invention and design, feeling and imagination, are all a part of the photographer's suite. He employs them all. And these too are qualities the most artistic. Technique, which is manual and not spiritual, is the one point at which art and photography cannot coalesce. To Art's sentient finger-tips, Photography holds up only steel, wood and glass. Art therefore holds the winning cards.

P. G. Hamerton, England's safest and surest critic of art, writing a generation ago on the “Relation between Photography and Painting,” says: “But all good painting, however literal, however pre-Raphaelite or topographic, is full of human feeling and emotion. If it has no other feeling in it than love or admiration for the place depicted, that is much already, quite enough to carry the picture out of the range of photography into the regions of real art.”

“And this is the reason why good painting cannot be based on photography. I find photographic data of less value than hasty sketches. The photograph renders the form truly, no doubt, as far as it goes, but it by no means renders feelings and is therefore of no practical use (save for reference) to a painter who feels habitually and never works, without emotion.”

It is very much to be questioned if Mr. Hamerton in the face of what has since been done with the camera by men who feel and are led by the emotional in art, would claim a distinction to the painter and deny that the photographic product was unaffected by the emotional temperament.

A friend shows us a group of his pets, either dogs, horses or children, done by an “artist photographer.” We find it strongly composed, evincing a clear knowledge of every point to be observed in extracting from the subject all the picturesqueness there was in it. We notice a soft painter-like touch, shadows not detailed—simply graded—aerial envelopment everywhere suggested.

It would be pedantry for the painter to correct the expression of his friend and suggest that the man who produced the picture was not an artist. It is the product of a man who felt exactly as an artist would have felt; an expression of views upon a subject entirely governed by the principles of art, and the man who made it, by that sympathy which he exhibits with those principles, is my brother in art to a greater degree than the painter who, with youthful arrogance, throws these to the winds “mistaking,” as has been cleverly said, “the will-o'-the-wisp of eccentricity for the miracle-working impulse of genius.” In whatsoever degree more of the man and less of the mechanics appear, in that degree is the result a work of art.

The reliance of photography on composition has provoked an earnest search for its principles. The photographer felt safe in going to the school of painting for these principles and accepted without question the best book written for painters, that by John Burnet, penned more than a century ago at a time when the art of England was at a low imitative ebb, and unduly influenced by imitation. This has been abundantly quoted by photographic teachers and evidently accepted, with little challenge, as final.

The best things, discoverable to the writer, in the field of composition, have been by the photographers themselves—the best things as well as the most inane; but in the face of so many results that earnest workers with the camera produce and continue to put forth, which cannot find a place in the categories of Art, it would seem that these preachments have been unheeded, or were not sufficiently clear to afford practical guidance for whom they were intended. 

Mr. P. H. Robinson declares most strenuously “It is my contention,” he says, “that one of the first things an artist should learn is the construction of a picture.” On a par with this is the opinion of Mr. Arthur Dow, the artist, who declares that “art education should begin at composition.” It is for lack of this that the searcher for the picturesque so frequently returns empty-handed.

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    • Keliy Anderson-Staley
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    • George Angelini
    • Denise Antaya
    • Juliette Aristides
    • Eric Armusik
    • Eve Arnold
    • Anna-Brith Arnsten
    • Olivia Arthur
    • Steven Assael
    • Igor V. Babailov
    • Anna Rose Bain
    • Garin Baker
    • Allan R. Banks
    • Micha Bar-Am
    • Bruno Barbey
    • Colleen Barry
    • Alan Merris Bell
    • Julie Bell
    • Jonas Bendiksen
    • Ian Berry
    • Gulay Berryman
    • ​Werner Bischof
    • Kirsten Leah Bitzer
    • Matt Black
    • Sarah Blesener
    • David Michael Bowers
    • Roger Dale Brown
    • Paul S. Brown
    • Mary Ross Buchholz
    • Kristie Bruzenak
    • Nadir Bucan
    • Dot Bunn
    • Scott Burdick
    • René Burri
    • John Buxton
    • Antoine Bruy
    • Svetlana Cameron
    • Dario Campanile
    • Enri Canaj
    • Cornell Capa
    • Robert Capa
    • Louis Carr
    • Henri Cartier-Bresson
    • Chien-Chi Chang
    • Turjoy Chowdhury
    • Jacob Collins
    • Mary Jane Q Cross
    • David Andrew Nishita Cheifetz
    • Antoine d'Agata
    • Carla D'aguanno
    • Marcos Damascena
    • Bruce Davidson
    • Carl De Keyzer
    • Jon deMartin
    • Raymond Depardon
    • Bieke Depoorter
    • Stephanie Deshpande
    • Patrick Devonas
    • Paul P D'Haese
    • Marina Dieul
    • Shaun Downey
    • Carolyn Drake
    • Thomas Dworzak
    • Nikos Economopoulos
    • Virgil Elliott
    • Megan K. Euell
    • Philippe Faraut
    • Faripour Forouhar
    • Martine Franck
    • Stuart Franklin
    • Leonard Freed
    • Thomas Freteur
    • Joke Frima
    • Paul Fusco
    • Tina Garrett
    • Gilberto Geraldo
    • Daniel Gerhartz
    • Bruce Gilden
    • Max Ginsberg
    • Stephen Gjertson
    • Burt Glinn
    • Jim Goldberg
    • Arina Gordienko
    • Adrian Gottlieb
    • David Gray
    • Daniel Graves
    • Daniel E. Greene
    • Philip Jones Griffiths
    • Harry Gruyaert
    • Jean Guamy
    • James Gurney
    • Clark Gussin
    • Mandy Hallenius
    • Philippe Halsman
    • Gordon Hanley
    • David Hardy
    • Price Harrison
    • George Hartley
    • Christine Hartman
    • Erich Hartmann
    • David Alan Harvey
    • Seth Haverkamp
    • Jeff Hein
    • Tim Hetherington
    • Ron Hicks
    • Greg Hildebrandt
    • Thomas Hoepker
    • ​Sohrab Hura
    • David Hurn
    • Maureen Hyde
    • Jason Patrick Jenkins
    • Richard Kalvar
    • Svetlana Kanyo​
    • Thomas Kegler
    • Michael Vince Kim
    • Michael Klein
    • Josef Koudelka
    • Wang Kun
    • Alain Laboile
    • Sarah Lamb
    • Joshua LaRock
    • Bryan Larsen
    • Urban Larsson
    • Herman Leonard
    • Robert Liberace​
    • He Lihuai
    • Edward Little
    • Jeremy Lipking
    • Vivian Maier
    • Sally Mann
    • Constantine Manos
    • Diana Markosian
    • Steve McCurry
    • Sydney McGinley
    • Sherrie McGraw
    • Susan Meiselas
    • Terje Adler Mork
    • Karen Offutt
    • Graydon Parrish
    • Christopher Parrott
    • Leszek Piotrowski
    • Denise Pollack
    • Aleksi Poutanen
    • Christopher Pugliese
    • Julio Reyes
    • Lissa Rivera
    • Cristina García Rodero
    • Sergio Roffo
    • Cesar Santos
    • David Saxe
    • Nelson Shanks
    • Jordan Sokol
    • Viktoria Sorochinski
    • Paweł Starzec
    • Victoria Steel
    • Gwendolyn Stine
    • Dennis Stock
    • Vicki Sullivan
    • Carol Lee Thompson
    • Dan Thompson
    • Larry Towell
    • Hsin-Yao Tseng
    • Boris Vallejo
    • James Van Fossan
    • Jeffrey R. Watts
    • ​Patricia Watwood
    • Alex Webb
    • Morgan Weistling
    • Shane Wolf
    • Anna Wypych
    • ​Robert Zeller
    • Kailin Zhao
    • Doug Zider
  • Books
    • Colour Control
    • Dynamic Symmetry in Composition
    • Dynamic Symmetry - The Greek Vase
    • Perspective Made Easy
    • Pictorial Composition and the Critical Judgment of Pictures
    • The Art of Composition: A Simple Application of Dynamic Symmetry
    • The Art of Composition: A Simple Application of Dynamic Symmetry (1956)
    • The Classic Point of View
    • The Elements of Dynamic Symmetry
    • Treatise in Landscape Painting
  • Articles & Videos
    • 3 Bad Habits All Photographers Should Break (Video)
    • 3 Reasons Why Most Photography Workshops Aren't Worth the Money
    • 5 Approaches to Composition in Photography (And Why They Won't Teach You Anything About Design)
    • 5 Myths About Composition (Video)
    • 14 Line Armature (Video)
    • An Email Addressing the Practical Use of Dynamic Symmetry in Art
    • A New, Old Way to Teach Art
    • Armature of the Rectangle (Video)
    • Art Can't Be Taught?
    • Art Educator Mandy Hallenius: Classical Training in Art Opens Creative Choices
    • Artist Robert Florczak: Classical Ideals Give Culture Depth
    • Breaking Down a Dynamic Symmetry Rectangle (Video)
    • Classical Realism- Part 1, 2, and 3
    • Classical Drawing Atelier - Introduction
    • Classical Painting Atelier - Introduction
    • Compositional Studies
    • Creating a Portfolio: Advice from Magnum
    • Drawing Is Back in Fashion
    • Drawing Is the Heart by Juliette Aristides
    • Dynamic Symmetry and Wildlife
    • Dynamic Symmetry for Photographers
    • Dynamic Symmetry and Henri Cartier-Bresson​
    • Dynamic Symmetry in Fine Art Sculpture
    • Film vs. Digital
    • Gamut in Composition (Video)
    • Geometry of Design - Introduction
    • Greatest Area of Contrast (Video)
    • History Painting and the Problem with Art Education
    • How Skilled Copyists Leave the Louvre with a Masterpiece Every Year
    • How the Arts Develop the Young Brain
    • If Anything's Art, Art's Nothing
    • If Everything Is Art, Then Nothing Is Art
    • Isn't There Something Incomprehensible, Magical, or Mystical About Art?
    • Is Photography Art?
    • Juliette Aristides on Composition: From the Book "Classical Drawing Atelier
    • Juliette Aristides: On Myron Barnstone
    • Juliette Aristides On TRAC With the Atelier Movement
    • Keep Your Composure
    • Kenyon Cox on Modern Art and Composition
    • Lessons in Classical Drawing - Introduction
    • Lessons in Classical Painting - Introduction
    • Magnum Photographers from Different Generations ​Talk About the Fabled Agency’s Past, Present, and Future
    • Mastering Classical Realism​ With Juliette Aristides
    • Myron Barnstone: A Life's Work
    • Myron Barnstone: An art career in perspective
    • Nick Alm: Derived From Empathy
    • One Question with Juliette Aristides
    • Pictorial Composition: An Introduction
    • Practice Doesn't Always Guarantee Success
    • Priceless Advice: A Personal Email From Myron Barnstone
    • The Art of Seeing and Visual Literacy
    • The Art of Selection
    • The Atelier Approach to Art Education
    • The Armature of the Rectangle
    • ​The Consequences of Taking a Stand
    • The Da Vinci Initiative
    • The Difference Between a Fine Art Print and a Work of Art
    • The Failure of Art Education in America
    • The Gap Between Photography and Art
    • The Number One Reason Why a Work of Art Will Fail
    • The Painter's Secret Geometry - Introduction
    • The Pendulum Has Swung With a Vengeance
    • The Place of Photography in Fine Art
    • The Road to Visual Literacy
    • What Are the Benefits of Atelier Trainin​g?
  • Art Highlights
  • Contact
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